African Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics: A program that focuses on one or more of the languages native to the African continent, with an emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa but including some Saharan languages and dialects. Includes instruction in African linguistic philology and diffusion; African literatures (oral and written); Bantu languages (Swahili, Lingala, Tswana, Kongo, Zulu, Xhosa, Luba, Kikuyu, Sotho, Rundi, Rwanda, Swazi, and others); Nilo-Saharan languages (Kanuri, Ibo, Zande, Bagirmi, Dinka, Nubian, Maasai, and others); Niger-Congo languages (Wolof, Temne, Fon, Sango, Mossi, Senufo, Yoruba, Igbo, Akan, Ewe, Fulani, Mande, and others; Khoisan languages (!Kung and others); and the Chadic (Hausa, Margi, and others) and Ethiopic (Amharic, Galla, Ge'ez, Tigre, Tigrinya, and others) languages of the Hamito-Semitic language family.